How Much Hydrogen Peroxide To Put In Bath Water
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020 Apr 22 : one–2.
Might hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and complications of SARS-CoV-ii infection?
Arturo A. Caruso
aneDepartment of Otolaryngology, AIAS Structure of Afragola, Afragola, Naples, Italia
Antonio Del Prete
iiDepartment of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, Schoolhouse of Medicine and Surgery, Academy of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italian republic
Antonio I. Lazzarino
3EPISTATA – Agency for Clinical Research and Medical Statistics, London, Great britain
Roberto Capaldi
4School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Lucia Grumetto
5Pharm-Analysis and Bio-Pharm Laboratory, Section of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico 2, Naples, Italy
Received 2020 Apr 10; Accepted 2020 April 11.
To the Editor—The severe astute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-two) is the virus responsible for COVID-19, which emerged in Wuhan, People's republic of china, in December 2019. The electric current pandemic appears to be characterized by man-to-human transmission; it occurs through cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation, and direct contact of hands with mouth, nose, and optics. The virus resides in the mucous membranes and information technology is transmitted through the saliva and the respiratory droplets. Although prevention of person-to-person transmission is the cardinal to limiting the pandemic, and so far, little attending has been given to the events taking place immediately after the onset of the outset symptoms.
To forestall the spread of the virus, in February 2020, the Italian government issued a recommendation, among the methods of sanitizing the environments, for the apply of 0.v% hydrogen peroxide.1 Hydrogen peroxide is already widely used as an environmental, surgical disinfectant and as an oral disinfectant in the handling of gingivitis.two,three SARSCoV-two is spread by man-to-human transmission; the infection is estimated to have an average incubation catamenia of 6.4 days and a base reproduction number of 2.24–3.58.4 Furthermore, scientific studies accept proven that the virus persists for two days on the mucous membranes of macaques5 earlier the subsequent spread of the virus to the lower respiratory tract. This delay represents a window of therapeutic opportunity.
The efficient inactivation of coronaviruses (eg, SARS and MERS) on inanimate surfaces using hydrogen peroxide (HiiOii 0.v% for 1 minute) was assessed by Kampf et al.vi Based on their findings, and after reviewing the current literature apropos hydrogen peroxide, we propose that hydrogen peroxide, as an antiseptic agent, could play a pivotal part in reducing the hospitalization rate and COVID-19–related complications. The antiseptic efficacy of hydrogen peroxide 3% against SARSCoV-2 on oral and nasal mucosa can be reasonably hypothesized. The antiseptic action is due not only to the known oxidizing and mechanical removal properties of hydrogen peroxide simply also to the consecration of the innate antiviral inflammatory response by overexpression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3).,7 Thus, the overall progression of the infection from the upper to the lower respiratory tract can be reduced.
Therefore, we advise an off-characterization apply of HiiOtwo 3% and ane.v % (10 volumes) by oral and nasal washing respectively, performed immediately afterwards the onset of the first symptoms and the presumptive diagnosis of COVID-xix and during the disease in dwelling quarantine or by hospitalized patients non requiring intensive care.
We advise a regimen of gargling 3 times per twenty-four hours for disinfection of the oral cavity and nasal washes with a nebulizer twice daily (due to a greater sensitivity of the nasal mucosa). Hydrogen peroxide (H2Oii) is safe for use on the mucous membranes as gargling or every bit a nasal spray; in fact, it is already normally used in otolaryngology. Figure 1 shows the epithelial of oral mucosa treated with HtwoO2 3% for a flow of 6 months. No damage was observed on oral mucous membranes or their microvilli after ongoing gargling treatment with H2O2 3%. Another route for SARSCoV-2 is through nasolacrimal ducts; thus, nosotros propose the use of iodopovidone 0.5%–0.6% as eye drops (i driblet iii times daily on conjunctiva of both eyes) due to its antiseptic activeness confronting SARS-CoV-two within 1 minute.
Mouth mucous membranes later assistants of H2O2 three% (10 vol) over a menstruum of six months (Scraping cytology and scanning electron microscopy; SEM 7500 Cambridge Marker 250 SEM).
In our opinion, the effectiveness of this regimen will exist verified through a meaning reduction of the rate of hospitalization and respiratory complications in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 with and without balmy-to-moderate symptoms. Nosotros strongly encourage the rapid development of randomized controlled trials including both SARS-CoV-ii–positive and –negative participants to study the benefits of H2O2 3% in the reduction of pulmonary complications and hospitalization rates.
Financial support
No financial support was provided relevant to this article.
Conflicts of interest
All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
References
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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308628/
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